( Tram and Swindle-Reilly, 2018) As the gel network collapses, the vitreous separates from the retina, which may induce retinal breaks at the site if the forces of separation are significantly strong or if there is abnormal adhesion between the vitreous gel and the retina. Aging leads to homogeneous vitreous liquefaction into a heterogeneous mixture, including aggregated collagen fibrils and dissociated hyaluronans, because of various factors such as oxidative damage, digestion by enzymes, and collagen mutations. The vitreous humor is a transparent gel-like substance that is predominantly composed of water (98–99%), long fine collagen fibers, and hyaluronic acid (HA). It aids in keeping the retina in place and provides nourishment to the eye. The vitreous body is situated between the lens and retina, and accounts for approximately 80% of the volume of the eye globe. Herein, we review the recent advances in biomaterials as retinal patches for the repair of RRD, focusing on the biomaterial categories, methods, and procedures for sealing retinal breaks, as well as their biocompatibility and efficacy, current limitations, and development perspectives. Some sealants have been used in clinical trials on a small scale, and the results indicate promising application prospects of the biomaterial sealants as retinal patches in the repair of RRD. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that biomaterial sealants have enough biocompatibility and efficacy in the in vitro and in vivo experiments. With the development of technology and materials engineering, researchers have developed biomaterials that can be used as a retinal patch to seal retinal breaks and prevent the connection of subretinal space and vitreous cavity via breaks, thus replacing the long-lasting vitreous substitutes and eliminating the postoperative face-down position. However, the postoperative face-down position and the not very satisfactory first retinal reattachment rate place a heavy burden on patients. Currently, the main treatment option is pars plana vitrectomy, which involves surgical removal of the vitreous and laser photocoagulation around retinal breaks to generate firm chorioretinal adhesion, as well as subsequent filling of the vitreous cavity with long-lasting substitutes (expansile gas or silocone oil) to prevent the connection between the subretinal space and the vitreous cavity via the breaks before the chorioretinal adhesion firm enough. RRD occurs when liquefied vitreous accumulates between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium via retinal breaks, which are caused by the separation of the vitreous from the retina with aging. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is the most common retinological emergency that can cause blindness without surgical treatment. 2Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China.1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. Chuanzhen Zheng 1 Dejia Wen 1 Kejia Xu 2 Xiaomin Zhang 1 Xinjun Ren 1* Xiaorong Li 1*
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